Lesson Archives

  1. Ideal vs. Practical Voltage Sources,  internal resistance, Battery Internal Resistance, electrodes and electrolytes resistance, Internal Resistance of Regulated Voltage Sources, Ideal vs. Practical Current Sources, Independent sources, dependent sources, DC voltage source, battery symbol, AC voltage source symbol, Independent Current Sources, Independent Voltage Sources, Series and parallel connection of sources, Voltage Sources in Parallel, Why […]
  2. Input & Output Interface, Interface with 8259A, PIN Diagram 8259, B8259A Block Diagram, Cascaded 8259A, Addressing 8259A, INITIALIZATION COMMAND WORDS (ICWS) ICW 1, ICW 2, ICW 3, & IC4 , Operation Command Words (OCWs), OCW 1, OCW 2 & ICW 3 Programming 8259. WAP 8259 Solved Examples 8259
  3. Pin diagram of 8253/8254, Control word Format, Programming the Counters, Reading the Counters, Read-Back Command, Counter Latch, Modes of Operation, Mode 0 –Interrupt on Terminal count, Mode 1 Hardware re-triggerable one-shot, Mode 2 Rate Generator (Divide by N counter) Mode 3 Square Wave Generator, Mode 4 Software triggered strobe, Mode 5 Hardware triggered strobe, Reading […]
  4. Features of 8253/8254, Pin diagram of 8253/8254, Memory mapping, Control word Format, Programming the Counters, Reading the Counters, Read-Back Command, Counter Latch, Modes of Operation, Modes of counting, Mode 0 –Interrupt on Terminal count, Mode 1 Hardware re-triggerable one-shot
  5. IO-Mapped & Memory-Mapped ,  Modes of I/O Instructions, Isolated I/O Direct I/O Indirect I/O String IN and OUT, I/O Design in 8086, Switch Interface LED Interface, Simple Output Port using 74373 Latch ,  Simple Input Port using 74245 Trans-receive  Tristate Buffer, Key Debouncing Circuits